Indefinite lifespan (Also Known As indefinite life extension or bio-indefinite) is a term used in the life extension movement and transhumanism to Refer to the hypothetical longevity of humans (and other life-forms) under the conditions in qui aging is Effectively and completely Call Prevented and treated. Their lifespans would be ” indefinite ” (that is, they would not be ” immortal “) because of survival. Such individuals would still be susceptible to deathby disease, starvation, accidents, or deliberate killing, but not death from aging. Semantically, “indefinite lifespan” is more accurate than ” immortality ” which, especially in religious contexts, implies an inability to die.
Longevity escape velocity
Longevity escape velocity is a term used in the life extension movement. It is a hypothetical situation in which life expectancy is faster than time is expended. For example, in a given year in which longevity escape would be maintained,
Not immortality
The terms ” immortality ” and ” eternal youth ” are often used as synonyms for “indefinite lifespan”, but they carry connotations from their other contexts which has not been possible. That is, immortal means “incapable of dying”. Eternal Implies guaranteed existence for eternity , and in this context est implausible Because of entropy . Even if cures were found for all the degenerative diseases, and effective treatments were developed for all the processes of aging, they could easily be repaired, people would still be killed in accidents , slain in wars , to die, etc.
The term indefinite lifespan represents a more achievable state of affairs, because it simply implies freedom from death by aging or infirmity.
The use of the term is also sometimes favored for reasons of linguistic aesthetics, in the same way that the term birth control is preferred to ” birth prevention ” or ” birth elimination ” which both imply, as does “immortality”, that the choice is one-time only and has permanent consequences. The point of ‘indefinite lifespan’, like the point of ‘birth control’, is to gain the opportunity to lead one’s life in a more conscious and deliberate manner.
Probability
This question is twofold. “Will a cure (or program of effective treatments) for aging ever be developed?” “Can the effective treatment of aging become more of a reality?” The answer to the first question is conditional on medical advancement: if medical science continues to advance in the fields of biogerontology and bioengineering , then some people hope the answer is “yes, it will happen eventually, except for some event or series of events were to prevent the further advance of biological science “( see Risks to civilization, Humans and Planet Earth and the Doomsday Clock). Many scientists researching this area at the moment do not agree. They see a problem in the field of thermodynamic considerations. [ quote needed ]
While science is constantly evolving and technology is becoming more and more sophisticated, the human body is evolving very slowly, and the aging process has become more damaging ( which, in short, is why we live times as long as average in the twenty-first century as we did ten thousand years before ). [1]
The answer to the second issue depends are two factors: the first being white how fast medical science advances, and the second being white how well Each person takes care of themself (Such As Utilizing the best available life extension technology or not, and Generally eating and behaving in a healthful and non-degrading way), wherein the treatment becomes available. This strategy is captured in the subtitle “Live Long Enough to Live Forever” by Fantastic Voyage , by Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman . [ quote needed ]
The second factor to the second question in the first case – no amount of healthy living will be important if it is not . However, if biomedical gerontology continues to improve, if somatic genetic engineering becomes safe and effective, it may be conceivable for some of those now alive to attain indefinite lifespans. [ quote needed ]
According to biogerontologist Marios Kyriazis , indefinite lifespans will become possible (even inevitable) because of inherent properties of natural laws governing human evolution. [2] Kyriazis believes that [3] as human is enhanced by technology, human evolution will become redundant, and humans will continue to evolve through an indefinitely-long process of self-development. This process will necessitate the elimination of death due to aging. [4]
Proposed techniques
Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence is a proposed research program for repairing all types of age-related damage.
Calorie restriction has been presented as a piece of the puzzle of reaching escape velocity. [5] [6] [7] Other proposed techniques include genetic engineering , telomere extension, organ regeneration, nanotechnology , and even mind uploading . [8]
On the theory que la primary causes of aging is DNA damage [see DNA damage theory of aging and DNA damage (naturally Occurring) ], there are, in principle, two ways of Reducing DNA damage in cells, and THUS Allowing indefinite extension of lifespan . These are:
- Preventing the occurrence of DNA damage, and
- Repairing the DNA damage after it has occurred.
There is a large body of literature on antioxidant phytochemicals that reduce the occurrence of oxidative DNA damage. However, when these procedures were carried out using these antioxidants, the results were generally disappointing. [9] [10]
There is evidence that certain dietary components stimulate DNA damage, and protect against cancer as an endpoint. One of these is a chlorogenic acid , a major component of, and absorbable from, coffee. [11] Coffee is protective against colorectal cancer, [12] and chlorogenic acid and its metabolites increase the protein expression levels of DNA repair enzymes: Pms2 and PARP. [13] Another compound that protects against the early stages of cancer is naringenin , a citrus flavonoid . [14] Naringenin was shown to increase mRNA expression levels of DNA repair enzymes, DNA pol betaand OGG1 . [15]
See also
- Aging
- Anti-aging movement
- Biological immortality
- DNA damage theory of aging
- Dyson’s eternal intelligence
- Eternal youth
- HeLa
- Howard Families
- Immortality
- International Longevity and Cryopreservation Summit
- Life extension
- List of life extension
- Longevity
- Maximum life span
- nootropics
- senescence
- Technological singularity
References
- Jump up^ Cairns J (1997). “Matters of Life and Death” Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ (see pages 8-13)ISBN 9780691002507
- Jump up^ “The ELPIs Theory – The ELPIs Theory” . Elpistheory.info . Retrieved 2011-10-04 .
- Jump up^ “Immortality” . Immortalhumans.com. 2011-06-24 . Retrieved 2011-10-04 .
- Jump up^ Kyriazis, Marios (2014). “Reversal of Informational Entropy and the Acquisition of Germ-like Immortality by Somatic Cells”. Current Aging Science . 7 (1): 9-16. doi : 10.2174 / 1874609807666140521101102 . PMID 24852017 .
- Jump up^ Traister, Rebecca (November 22, 2006), “Diet your way to a long, miserable life!” , Salon.com , archived from the original on January 29, 2009 , retrieved 2008-10-31
- Jump up^ Dibbell, Julian (October 23, 2006), “The Fast Supper” , New York Magazine
- Jump up^ Birnbaum, Ben (2006), “Extension program” , Boston College Magazine
- Jump up^ Grossman, Lev (February 10, 2011). “2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal” . TIME . Retrieved 2011-10-04 .
- Jump up^ Collins, Andrew R. (2005). “Antioxidant intervention as a road to cancer prevention”. European Journal of Cancer . 41 (13): 1923-30. doi : 10.1016 / j.ejca.2005.06.004 . PMID 16111883 .
- Jump up^ Williams, Christina D. (2013). “Antioxidants and prevention of gastrointestinal cancers”. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology . 29 (2): 195-200. doi : 10.1097 / MOG.0b013e32835c9d1b . PMID 23274317 .
- Jump up^ Del Rio, Daniele; Stalmach, Angelique; Calani, Luca; Crozier, Alan (2010). “Bioavailability of Coffee Chlorogenic Acids and Green Tea Flavan-3-ols” . Nutrients . 2 (8): 820-33. doi : 10.3390 / nu2080820 . PMC 3257704 . PMID 22254058 .
- Jump up^ Li, Guowei; Ma, Defu; Zhang, Yumei; Zheng, Wei; Wang, Peiyu (2013). “Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies”. Public Health Nutrition . 16 (2): 346-57. doi :10.1017 / S1368980012002601 . PMID 22694939 .
- Jump up^ Bernstein, Harris; Crowley-Skillicorn, Cheray; Bernstein, Carol; Dvorak, Katerina; Garewal, Harinder (2007). “Dietary Compounds that Enhance DNA Repair and their Relevance to Cancer and Aging” . In Landseer, Breehn R. New Research on DNA Repair . pp. 99-113. ISBN 978-1-60021-385-4 .
- Jump up^ Leonardi, T .; Vanamala, J .; Taddeo, SS; Davidson, LA; Murphy, ME; Patil, BS; Wang, N .; Carroll, RJ; Chapkin, RS; Lupton, JR; Turner, ND (2010). “Apigenin and naringenin suppress colon carcinogenesis through the aberrant crypt stage in azoxymethane-treated rats” . Experimental Biology and Medicine . 235 (6): 710-7. doi : 10.1258 / ebm.2010.009359. PMC 2885760 . PMID 20511675 .
- Jump up^ Gao, K; Henning, S; Niu, Y; Youssefian, A; Seeram, N; Xu, A; Heber, D (2006). “The citrus flavonoid naringenin stimulates DNA repair in prostate cancer cells”. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry . 17 (2): 89-95. doi :10.1016 / j.jnutbio.2005.05.009 . PMID 16111881 .