Synthetic rescue

Leave a Comment / Gene therapy, Transhumanism / By

Synthetic rescue (or synthetic recovery or synthetic viability when a lethal phenotype is rescued [1] ) refers to a genetic interaction in which a nonviable or sensitive to a specific drug due to the presence of a genetic mutation becomes viable when the original mutation is combined with a second mutation in a different gene. [2] The second mutation can be a loss-of-function mutation (equivalent to a knockout) or a gain-of-function mutation. [1] [3]

Synthetic Reservoir could potentially be exploited for gene therapy , but it also provides information on the function of the genes involved in the interaction

Types of genetic suppression

Dosage-mediated suppression

Dosage-mediated suppression occurs when the suppression of the mutant phenotype is mediated by the over expression of a second gene suppressor. This can occur when the initial mutations destabilize the protein-protein interaction and the expression of the interacting protein bypass the negative effect of the initial mutation.

Interaction-mediated suppression

Interaction-mediated suppression occurs when a deleterious mutation in a component of a protein complex destabilizes the complex. A compensatory mutation in another component of the protein complex can then suppress the deleterious phenotype by re-establishing the interaction between the two proteins. It usually means that the deleterious mutation and the suppressive mutation occurs in two dimensions that are closely located in the three-dimensional structure of the multi-protein complex. Thus, this type of suppression provides indirect information on the molecular structure of the proteins involved.

Pathway bypass suppression

tRNA-mediated suppression

Genetic suppression can be mediated by tRNA genes when mutating their anticodon sequence. For example, a tRNA designated for the recognition of the TCA codon and the corresponding insertion of serine in the growing polypeptide chain can mutate so that it recognizes a TAA stop codon and promotes the insertion of serine instead of the termination of the polypeptide chain. This invention may be useful when a mutated mutation (TCA> TAA) prevents the expression of a gene expression or a partial transformation of the polypeptide or degradation of the mRNA by nonsense-mediated decay . The redundancy of tRNA genes makes sure that such mutation would not prevent the normal insertion of serines when the TCA codon specified them.

See also

  • Synthetic lethality
  • Gene therapy
  • Complex networks
  • Suppressor mutation

References

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b Puddu, F .; Oelschlaegel, T; Guerini, I; Geisler, NJ; Niu, H; Herzog, M; Salguero, I; Ochoa-Montaño, B; Viré, E; Sung, P; Adams, DJ; Keane, TM; Jackson, SP (2015). “Sae2 function in DNA repair” . EMBO Journal . 34 (11): 1509-1522. doi : 10.15252 / embj.201590973 . PMC  4474527  . PMID  25899817 .
  2. Jump up^ Motter AE Gulbahce N., E. and Almaas Barabasi A.-L.,Predicting synthetic rescues in metabolic networks, Molecular Systems Biology 4, 168 (2008).
  3. Jump up^ Nishikawa T., Gulbahce N., and Motter AE,Spontaneous reaction silencing in metabolic optimization, PLoS Computational Biology 4, e1000236 (2008).

Related posts:

  1. Gene therapy of the human retina Retinal gene therapy holds great promise in treating different forms of non-inherited and inherited blindness ....
  2. Gene therapy Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid in a patient’s cells as a drug to treat disease. [1] The first attempt at human-modifying DNA Was Performed in 1980 by Martin Cline , drank the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health , Was Performed in May 1989. [2] The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as...
  3. Gene therapy for osteoarthritis Gene transfer strategies for medical management of osteoarthritis have attracted the attention of scientists to the complex pathology of this chronic disease. Unlike other pharmacological treatments, gene therapy targets the disease process rather than the symptoms. [1]...
  4. Evolution of aging Inquiry into the evolution of aging , survival success, and success of aging . Leading hypotheses [1] [2] suggest that a combination of limited resources, and an increasing risk of death by environmental causes determines an “optimal” level of self-maintenance, ie the repair of molecular and cellular level accumulates over time. Darwinian fitness is one of the most important resources...
  5. Designer baby A designer is a human embryo that has been genetically modified , usually following guidelines set by the parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits. This is done using various methods, such as gene therapy or Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). This technology is the subject of ethical debate, bringing up the concept of genetically modified “superhumans” to replace modern humans....
  6. Gene therapy for epilepsy Gene therapy is being studied for some forms of epilepsy . [1] It relates to viral or non-viral vectors to deliver DNA or RNA to target areas where seizures arise, or to reduce the frequency of seizures . Gene therapy HAS Delivered promising results in early stage clinical trials for other neurological disorders Such As Parkinson’s disease , [2] raising the Hope that it will Become a treatment for intractable epilepsy ....
  7. Gene therapy for color blindness Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy aiming to convert congenitally colorblinds to trichromats by introducing a photopigment gene that they lack. Though partial color blindness is considered to be a disadvantage, it is a condition that affects many people, particularly males . Complete color blindness, or achromatopsia , is very rare but more severe. While never shown in humans, animal studies have...
  8. Gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease Gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease is a specific neurotransmitter ( dopamine ), protect the neural system, or the modification of genes that are related to the disease. Then these cells are transplanted to a patient with the disease. There are different kinds of treatments that focus on reducing the symptoms of the disease but there...
  9. Xenotransplantation Xenotransplantation ( xenos- from the Greek meaning “foreign”), is the transplantation of living cells , tissues or organs from one species to another. [1] Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants . It is contrasted with allotransplantation (from other individual of the same species), syngeneic transplantation or isotransplantation (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species) and autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person)....
  10. CREB in cognition The cell transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) [1] helps in the learning and stabilization and recovery of long-term memories based on fear. This is mainly due to its expression in the hippocampus and amygdala. Studies that support the role of CREB in cognition include those that eliminate...

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *