Victor Andreevich Skumin ( Russian : Виктор Андреевич Скумин , born 30 August 1948) is a Russian and Soviet scientist , psychiatrist , psychotherapist and psychologist .
After graduating from the Kharkiv National Medical University in 1973, in 1976, he became a psychotherapist in the Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery . In 1978, he described a new disease , the Skumin Syndrome . He Introduced a method of psychotherapy and self-improvement based are optimistic autosuggestion for psychological rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients (1979).
From 1980 to 1990, he was professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education . The main result of his scientific activity is the discovery of the “syndrome of the neurotic phantom of somatic disease” and “concept of the mental constituents of a chronic somatic disease”.
From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy , and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health Life at the Kharkiv State Academy of Culture . In 1994, he was elected to the post of President-founder of the World Organization of Culture of Health ( Moscow ). In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief of the journal To Health via Culture . He is known for inventing a popular term “Culture of Health” (1968).
Besides psychiatry and psychology, Skumin writes on healthy lifestyle , yoga , and philosophy . He is co-authored series of illustrated books and articles on Living Ethics , Rerikhism , Russian cosmism , Transhumanism , and New Age . He wrote books of fiction and lyrics for several songs.
Early life and education
Victor Skumin [1] was born on 30 August 1948 in Penza Oblast , RSFSR , where his father – Andrew Skumin ( Russian : Андрей Скумин ) – was an officer of MGB of the USSR . [2] [3] After the birth of Victor, the family moved to Kazan , where he was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Military Tribunal of the Internal Troops of the Volga Military District . [4]The family many times moved to a city where Andrew Skumin was appointed to a new post. These cities, in particular, were Penza , Chelyabinsk , and Petrozavodsk . [5] [3] For this reason, he studied in various educational institutions . [6]
Skumin Studied medicine at the Kharkiv National Medical University . The history of the higher medical school in Kharkiv is more than 200 years long and closely related to the Vasily Karazin Kharkiv National University , because it sprang from its Medical Faculty. The University – the oldest University of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union – was founded in 1804, and was originally signed by the Emperor of Russia Alexander I , and the first Statutes of the University were approved at that time. In the Kharkiv University were laid high scientific standards. Its history is connected with the names of theNobel Laureates – Lev Landau , Simon Kuznets , Elie Metchnikoff – and other distinguished scientists. [7] [8]
Skumin graduated the Medical University in 1973 with diploma with honors. [2] In 1968, when he was still a medical student , he proposed the term “Culture of Health” (Russian: “Культура Здоровья”, [9] [10] which has become widespread. [11] [12] [13 ] ] The main task of a culture of health is a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being. [2] [14]
Contribution to psychiatry and psychotherapy
Cardiac surgery
He was researched from 1976 to 1980 to the psychological and psychiatric problems of cardiac surgery under the leadership of Nikolai Amosov , [15] who was the founder and first director of the Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery . This Institute was the first to conduct surgical treatment of heart diseases in the Ukrainian SSR (since 1955), the Institute began to conduct operations with extracorporeal circulation (1958), and mitral valve replacements(1963). In 1961, Amosov was awarded the Lenin Prize for the work of surgery. [16] [17]
Since a replacement is a heart surgical procedure, it requires the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass . With a valve replacement surgery, there are some risks . Neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies of neuropsychological and psychopathologic changes following open heart surgery , nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with valvular heart disease before and after surgery, associated with mechanical artificial heart valve (MHV)implant. [18]
An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease, congenital heart defect , etc. When one or two of the heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be replaced with the natural valve with an artificial valve. There are three major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs. This requires open heart surgery . The mechanical valves are made of metal and pyrolytic carbon , and can last a lifetime. All MHV functions in the human body creating a unique sound effects and vibration. Patients with mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medications to prevent clotting. The choice of which valve type depends on the patient’s age, medical condition, preferences with medication, and lifestyle. [19] Skumin syndrome (Russian: Синдром Скумина ) was described by Skumin in 1978 as a cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome , [20] associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by irrational fear , anxiety , depression and sleep disorder . [21] This syndromeis usually accompanied by asthenia . [22] [23] [24] Alain Carpentier- a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital in Paris – believed in 2011 that the disease develops in a quarter of patients with an artificial heart valve. [25] It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an artificial heart . [26] [27]
The Russia’s international news agency ” RIA Novosti “, operating under the purview of the Russian Ministry of Communications and Mass Media , wrote about this problem (2014), [28]
Victor Skumin, our domestic scientist, described “cardioprosthetic psychopathologic syndrome”, which entered the textbooks as “Skumin syndrome”. The human mind is constantly being fixed on the motor is running. For example, in contrast to prosthetic of teeth, arms or legs, it is not possible to Will the driver stop suddenly? In the human heart the pain gives signals. Here there is no bread and can not to be. In the future, probably, there will be heart prostheses, imitating his heartbeat. But they will not be hurt, and they will continue to hang on to the human psyche with a heart valve prosthesis.
The methods and the principles of such therapy and neuropsychological rehabilitation are described and its efficacy has been demonstrated. [29] [30] Skumin proposed mixture after named after him. Skumin’s mixture (Russian: Микстура Скумина ) is a medicine with a sedative effect, affecting the central nervous system . It is used to treat skumin syndrome, light forms of heart failure, anxiety and sleep disorders, and asthenia. [31] The medicine is known to be well tolerated, with no contra-indications, except sensitivity. The formula contains Adonis vernalis , Crataegus, Valerian root , Leonurus cardiaca , Eucalyptus , Peppermint , and Rose hip . [32]
For psychological rehabilitation, the improvement of the nervous system, improving relaxation, increasing body awareness and decreasing general anxiety. [23] [33]
In 1979, Skumin created a special modification of mind control method for psychological rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients. [34] [35] This method is based on autogenic training . Autogenic training is a technical relaxation developed by the psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz . He emphasized parallels to techniques in yoga and meditation . It is a method for influencing one’s autonomic nervous system . The technique involves daily practice of 15 minutes, usually in the morning, at lunch time, and in the evening. During each session, the practitioner will repeat a set of visualizations that induce a state ofrelaxation . Each session can be practiced in a chosen position among a set of recommended postures. [36]
The technology of the Skumin mind control method (Russian: Психотренинг по Скумину ) Involves the use of two standard positions: sitting and lying down meditation meditation. This method of psychotraining includes the following: The first is “the relaxation”, the second one is “the warming”, the third one is “the zero gravity”, the fourth one is “the target autosuggestion “, and the fifth exercise is “the psychological activation”. [37]Each session is explained as follows: The therapeutic effect is achieved by the neutralization of traumatic emotional experiences and the progressive reorganization of the psychic structures to include previously unacceptable mental contents, too. [38] [39] This method of psychotherapy has found application in medical practice, in particular in the treatment of phobias , headaches , etc. [40] [41]
This is confirmed by Nikolai Amosov and Yakov Bendet , [42] Alain Carpentier , [43] [44] and many others. [23] [45] [46] [47] The Higher Certificate Commission under the USSR Council of Ministers awarded for the research of the degree of Candidate of Sciences (1980). [48] It is a first post-graduate scientific degree in some Eastern Bloc countries.
Gastroenterology
From 1980 to 1990, he worked as a professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education . During this period Skumin investigated mental health disorder in chronic diseases of the digestive systemin children and adolescents. [49]
A most significant life event in the first years of life is a disease, especially if it is of early onset, severe, life-threatening, with an uncertain prognosis, and with the need for frequent diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Psychological implications are a significant part of the disease, not a marginal component; they can affect prognosis and outcome. Various laboratory tests, physical examinations , surgeries and one thesis Individuals no show evidence Supporting the idea That thesis Exaggerating symptoms are present. [50] [51]
In particular, Skumin studied the patients, aged from 6 to 17, suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of them have a negative psychological attitude to the dietotherapy they received. (1) psychotherapeutic mediation of dietotherapy before its administration and in the process of therapy; (2) creation of the psychologic attitude to the adherence; (3) alteration of the patient’s taste stereotype. Realization of such measures has been conducive to higher effectiveness of dietotherapy. [52]
Based on the mental sphere of gastroenterological patients , he is a systematized borderline neurotic and personality disorders on the clinical and etiopathogenetic basis. He studied the psychosocial problems that may affect children or teenagers who have the chronic gastrointestinal disease. A system of measures aimed at early diagnosis , correction, therapy and prophylaxis of borderline conditions and psychosocial readaptation of patients is scientifically based. The main result of his scientific activity was the discovery of the ” syndrome of the neurotic phantom of somatic disease” [53]A specific psychopathological complex of symptoms and a concept of the mental constituents of a chronic somatic disease. [54] [55] [56]
Skumin defended his doctoral thesis in Moscow at the Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (1988). The Higher Attestation Commission Awarded _him_ for this research study the degree of Doktor Naukin Medicine ( Doctor of Medical Sciences – Dr.scient.med. ). [57] It is a higher doctoral degree which may be earned after the Candidate of Sciences (which is informally regarded in Russia and many other post-Soviet states as equivalent to PhD obtained in which PhD is not the highest academic degree ).
Culture of Health and other contributions
From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy , and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health Life at the Kharkiv State Academy of Culture . Skumin completed researches of theoretical and practical issues of culture, which he developed throughout his scientific and pedagogical activity. These methods, he has introduced in the training course for the students of the Academy: “The Foundations of a Culture of Health. [58]
His scientific and pedagogical work Skumin combines with a social activity. In 1994, he was elected to the post of the President-founder of the World Organization of Culture of Health (WOCH) – International social movement “To Health via Culture” (Russian: Международное общественное Движение “К Здоровью через Культуру”). [58] Coat of arms of the WOCH contain a symbol of Rerikhism .
The organization operates under the authority of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Charter. Key element of a culture of health is a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being both inside and outside the workplace. [59] [60]
In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualified as an ideology of the Living Ethics and New Age (NA), [61] [62]
The ideology of the NA serves outstanding contemporary philosophers: Gregory Bateson , Ken Wilber , Paul Feyerabend . A large scale is the creation and support of international organizations, contained in the ideology of the NA. In Russia and in Ukraine , International movement “To Health via Culture”, based on the teachings of Agni Yoga, operates and has a great publishing activity.
The relationship entre les Skumin’s doctrine and Rerikhism est By Some scientists confirmed, Such As Goraschuk VP, Professor of HS Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University . In 2004, he wrote in his thesis for a doctoral degree on general interest pedagogics and history of pedagogics, [63]
V. Skumìn developed the problems associated with a culture of health in the context of Roerich.
Living Ethics (Agni Yoga) is a philosophical teaching which embraces all sides of being-from cosmological problems, down to daily human life. This teaching is based on Helena and Nicholas Roerich in the first half of the 20th century. [64] The New Age Movement is a spiritual movement that developed in Western nations during the 1970s. The movement is characterized by a holistic view of the cosmos, a belief in an emerging Age of Aquarius and a focus on self-spirituality and the authority of the self, a focus on healing (particularly with alternative therapies ). [65] [66]
Professor Verhorubova and Professor Lobanova from Tomsk State Pedagogical University argued (2012) that in the context of the concept of a culture of health, proposed by Skumin, the culture – spiritual, mental, and physical – determines the status of human health. And health – spiritual, mental, physical – is a prerequisite for achieving a higher level of culture. [67]
The essence of the teachings of the culture of health, reveals professor of the University of Luhansk N. Gribok. He wrote at 2009, [68]
Russian Professor Skumin insists on the fact that the culture of health should be considered as an integral part of the spiritual culture and culture, culture of culture and culture of culture. According to the scientist, the culture of health is not only the mechanical connection of the two concepts-the concept of “culture” and the concept of “health”. This is their synthesis, which forms a new quality, a new content. Skumin examines the culture of health, which develops the theoretical and practical tasks of harmonious development of the spiritual, mental, and physical human strength, which provides a higher level of creativity. Thus, Skumin argues that the culture of health is a separate science, that creates new content.
-Victor Skumin [69] [70]
The culture of health means recognition of health central importance in the lives. Helena Blavatsky , Helena and Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , Alexander Alexander Chizhevsky, Expounded the philosophical aspects of his Doctrine of Culture of Health . [71] [72] In some of his publications, he argues that the Culture of Health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society in the Solar System .
He Elaborated on the theosophical ideas of Spiritual Evolution and Proposed (1990) classification of Homo spiritalis ( Latin : spiritual man ), the sixth root race , consistant en eight sub-races (subspecies) – HS0 Anabiosis spiritalis, HS1 Scientella spiritalis, HS2 Aurora spiritalis, HS3 Ascensus spiritalis, HS4 Vocatus spiritalis, HS5 Illuminatio spiritalis, НS6 Creatio spiritalis, and HS7 Servitus spiritalis. [73]
Literary and publishing activities
Skumin wrote several books of fiction, and also essays. [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80]
He is the author of music and lyrics of several songs. [81] [82] Among them:
- Anthem “The Heart”. In Agni Yoga and Rerikhism the heart is the body organ of the human body, his spiritual Sun. [83] Helena Roerich special emphasis is placed on the fires in the heart center and the Chalice, or the Anahata chakra , which is behind the heart. [82] [84]
- Anthem “To Health via Culture”. The anthem consists of four stanzas. The capital letters each of the four stanzas form the word AGNI. ( Anthem “To Health via Culture.” On YouTube ) [82]
- Anthem “Urusvati”. Helena Roerich , known as Tara Urusvati in Agni Yoga and Rerikhism. The hymn begins with the phrase: “the fire of the heart ignites Urusvati, she teaches the spirit take-off on the wings of grace”. [82]
- Anthem “Shambhala”. In Tibetan Buddhism and Living Ethics Shambhala is a kingdom hidden somewhere in Inner Asia . It is mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra [85] and the ancient texts of the Zhang Zhung culture which predated Tibetan Buddhism in western Tibet . [82]
- Anthem “Morya”. Morya is one of the ” Masters of Ancient Wisdom ” within modern Theosophical beliefs. [86] He is one of the Mahatmas who inspired the founding of the Theosophical Society and was engaged in a correspondence with two English Theosophists living in India, Alfred Sinnett and Allan Hume . The Master Morya will be physically incarnate in order to be the Manu (“progenitor”) of the new root race . [82] [87]
- Anthem “Ur”. In the Vedas , and Living Ethics Aditi Ur Or (“limitless”) [88] is the mother of the gods and all twelve zodiacal spirits from which the cosmic matrix has been born. As celestial mother of every existing form and being, the synthesis of all things, she is associated with space and with mystic speech.
- Anthem “Agni”. Agni , the Vedic and Living Ethics God of Fire, one marks immortality and the symbol of life. Agni is one of the supreme gods in the Rigveda . [89] In Agni Yoga it is the Creative Fire of the Universe, the root of the “Fire of Space”; and “psychic energy”, the powers of the human mind and heart, especially those manifesting in love, thought, and creativity. [82] [90]
- Anthem “The Sun”. In the Skumin’s doctrine of the culture of health and in the Agni Yoga, the Sun has a wealth of potential for spiritual, mental and physical evolution of human society and all other kingdoms of nature in the Solar System. [82]
In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief (EIC) of the journal To Health via Culture . This journal of the World Health Organization Organization receives the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440. The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of culture of health , holistic medicine , and rerikhism . [91]
The Organization also has its own publishing house (“To Health via Culture”), who has the right to publish the books with the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). [92]
Skumin wrote many books and articles on a variety of medical and spiritual topics in a holistic approach to health. He is the author or co-author of a series of illustrated books on the culture of health, yoga, and Rerikhism. He extols the value of spirituality. [93] [94]